Enhancing Structural Stability of Oil-Shell Microbubbles via Incorporation of a Gold Nanoparticle Protective Shell for Theranostic Applications

Phospholipid-stabilized microbubbles are utilized as contrast agents in medical ultrasound imaging, and researchers currently investigating their potential theranostic agents. Due to the inadequate water solubility poor stability of numerous new therapeutics, development stable with capacity encapsulate hydrophobic therapeutics is necessary. Herein, we proposed a flow-focusing microfluidic device generate highly monodispersed, phospholipid-stabilized dual-layer for applications. The microstructural evolution these were investigated by microscopy machine-learning-assisted segmentation techniques at different phospholipid gold nanoparticle concentrations. double-emulsion microbubbles, formed combination phospholipids nanoparticles, developed protective shell that not only acted steric barrier against gas diffusion microbubble coalescence but also alleviated progressive dewetting instability subsequent cascade events.